Comparación de los valores de glucosa en caninos obtenidos con glucómetros portátiles y la prueba estándar de laboratorio / Comparação dos valores de glicose em caninos obtidos com glicômetros portáteis e o teste laboratorial padrão / Comparison of glucose values in dogs obtained with portable glucometers and the standard laboratory test

La medición de glucosa en caninos es un procedimiento habitual en la clínica diaria, actualmente este valor se puede obtener mediante dispositivos portátiles y pruebas laboratoriales. Se realizó esta investigación con el fin de aportar mayor conocimiento sobre la importancia de la medición de glucosa, ya que en los últimos años ha perdido valor entre las pruebas hematológicas a considerar debido a que solo se relaciona con determinadas patologías como la diabetes u otras enfermedades metabólicas. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar los valores de glucosa en caninos obtenidos mediante un glucómetro portátil de uso humano (Accu-chek® Active, Roche Diagnostic, Mannheim, Alemania); veterinario (aLcose® Vet Glu, jjPlus Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwán) y la prueba estándar de laboratorio, esto nos indicará la fiabilidad de los resultados obtenidos mediante estos métodos. Se realizó la toma de muestras de sangre de 50 caninos clínicamente sanos, de los cuales se obtuvo el resultado de glucemia mediante estos tres métodos. Los resultados de nuestra investigación evidenciaron que las tres formas de evaluación de la glucosa sanguínea en perros brindaban resultados estadísticamente diferentes (p < 0.05). Se obtuvo valores de glucosa diferentes entre los tres métodos de medición, teniendo como promedios finales 84.14 mg/dL, 101.12 mg/dL y 91.12 mg/dL correspondientes al glucómetro portátil de uso humano, veterinario y a la prueba estándar de laboratorio respectivamente. En conclusión, los glucómetros portátiles de uso humano subestiman los valores reales de glucosa, mientras que los de uso veterinario lo sobreestiman, comparados con la prueba estándar de laboratorio.

A medição de glicose nos cães é um procedimento habitual realizado no atendimento clínico. Atualmente este valor pode ser obtido por meio de dispositivos portáteis e testes laboratoriais. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com a finalidade de destacar a importância da medição de glicose, visto que nos últimos anos esta avaliação não tem sido muito valorada entre os testes hematológicos, sendo considerada relevante apenas em relação a patologias como a diabetes e outras doenças metabólicas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os valores de glicose em cães obtidos com glicômetro portátil de uso humano; veterinário e o teste padrão de laboratório. Esta comparação poderá indicar a confiabilidade dos resultados obtidos mediante os métodos avaliados. Foi realizada a amostragem do sangue de 50 caninos clinicamente sadios os quais foram submetidos a avaliação de glicose mediante os três métodos. Os resultados de nossa investigação evidenciaram que as três formas de avaliação da glicose sanguínea têm resultados estatisticamente diferentes (p < 0,05). Os valores de glicose tiveram medias finais de 84,14 mg/dL, 101,12 mg/dL e 91,12 mg/dL para o glicômetro portátil de uso humano (Accu-chek® Active, Roche Diagnostic, Mannheim, Alemanha), veterinário (aLcose® Vet Glu, jjPlus Corporation, Nova Taipei, Taiwan) e o teste padrão de laboratório, respectivamente. Ao concluir, os glicômetros portáteis de uso humano subestimam os valores reais de glicose e os de uso veterinário os superestimam quando comparados com o teste padrão de laboratório.

The measurement of glucose in canines is a common procedure in daily clinical practice. Currently this value can be obtained by use of portable devices and laboratory tests. This research was carried out in order to provide more knowledge about the importance of glucose measurement, since in recent years it has lost value among the hematological tests to be considered because it is only related to certain pathologies such as diabetes or other metabolic diseases. The present study aimed to compare the glucose values in dogs obtained with a portable glucometer for human use, veterinarian use, and the standard laboratory test. This comparison may indicate the reliability of the results obtained through the evaluated methods. A blood sampling of 50 clinically healthy canines was taken and submitted to glucose evaluation using the three methods. Our investigation showed that the three ways of assessing blood glucose have statistically different results (p < 0.05). Glucose values had final averages of 84.14 mg/dL, 101.12 mg/dL, and 91.12 mg/dL for the portable glucometer for human use (Accu-chek® Active, Roche Diagnostic, Mannheim, Germany), veterinary (aLcose® Vet Glu, jjPlus Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwan) and the standard laboratory test, respectively. In conclusion, portable glucometers for human use underestimate the glucose values, and those for veterinary use overestimate them compared to the standard laboratory test.

Resultados del ejercicio de control de calidad externo 2022 de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Genética Forense / Results of the 2022 external quality control exercise of the Latin American Society of Forensic Genetics

Introducción: La Sociedad Latinoamericana de Genética Forense, desde el año 2003 organiza ejercicios colaborativos de comparación interlaboratorios a fin de apoyar el fortalecimiento de los laboratorios de genética forense de Latinoamérica. Objetivo: presentar los resultados del análisis del ejercicio de calidad correspondiente al año 2022. Metodología: se diseñó un ejercicio práctico con cinco muestras: dos hisopados bucales (M1 y M2), una muestra de sangre en FTA (M3), una muestra mezcla de sangre-semen en FTA (M4) y un resto óseo (M5), siendo el ejercicio de calidad de SLAGF el único grupo que incluye en su ejercicio de calidad muestras óseas. Se envió además un ejercicio teórico con seis casos; dos contenían una mutación en un marcador especifico, uno consistió en una exclusión materna, otro de exclusión paterna, una paternidad sencilla trío y un caso de identificación de desaparecido, con muestras de referencia de presunta hija; su madre y abuela y tíos paternos, los ejercicios teóricos están disponibles en: http://slagf.org/resultados-control-slagf-2022/x Resultados: participaron 16 laboratorios y cinco peritos. En el ejercicio práctico, las muestras de mezcla y los restos óseos presentaron los mayores desafíos, el consenso por muestra fue de 100% para M1, de 93,75% para M2, de 87,5% para M3, 0% para M4 y de 75% para M5...(AU)

Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments / Perfil hematológico e bioquímico do sangue da arraia de água doce Potamotrygon magdalenae como ferramenta para avaliação da população em ambientes artificiais

Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.

A informação de referência hematológica e bioquímica do sangue é importante para estabelecer o estado fisiológico das populações de arraias de água doce e melhorar os protocolos de cuidado e manejo em ambientes artificiais. Aqui, usamos uma espécie comercial de arraia de água doce com elevadas taxas de mortalidade no mercado(Potamotrygon magdalenae) como espécie exemplo para compreender de que modo os ambientes artificiais e os protocolos de manipulação influenciam o estado fisiológico das arraias de água doce em cativeiro. Para este fim, foi coletado sangue de cinco machos adultos e seis fêmeas adultas para realizar contagens completas de células sanguíneas e análises bioquímicas de sangue. Todos os animais amostrados mostraram boa condição corpórea, sem diferenças entre os sexos. Diferenças entre os sexos foram encontradas só na contagem diferencial de linfócitos. Os resultados de células sanguíneas vermelhas foram consistentes com potamotrigonídeos previamente estudados, enquanto o leucograma revelou valores mais elevados de leucócitos, trombócitos, heterófilos e linfócitos em P. magdalenae, em comparação com outros potamotrigonídeos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Os metabólitos do sangue mostraram influência da dieta ex situ nas proteínas totais, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos do que os registrados para outras espécies de arraias de água doce. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos em P. magdalenae. Estes resultados enfatizam a importância da análise física, fisiológica e de saúde em arraias de água doce como parte da avaliação do bem-estar para melhorar os protocolos [...].

Blood cells and some hematological parameters of red drum (Linnaeus, 1766) in Vietnam / Células sanguíneas e alguns parâmetros hematológicos do tambor vermelho (Linnaeus, 1766) no Vietnã

This research focuses on hematological characteristics, erythrocyte morphology and some biochemical parameters of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae), cultured in natural water environment in areas nea river mouth (L1), estuaries (L2) in Ha Tinh province and coastal areas (L3) in Nha Trang city, Khanh Hoa province of Vietnam. A total of 18 speciments were examined in research, six in each location. Blood was drawn from the tail vein, using a microscope to research morphology and automated gauges to determine blood biochemical parameters. Analysis of blood samples showed that the rate of red drum’s erythrocyte morphology disorders in all three locations was quite high. The two main types of disorders were nuclear deformity and nuclear-matter distribution. Changes in erythrocyte size, shape and nuclear were related to salt concentration at culture locations. Blood hemoglobin content was stable in all three regions. Other hematological parameters such as the number of erythrocytes, blood biochemical parameters (glucose, SGOT, SGPT, urea, creatine, plasma iron, albumin, and protein) have differences among the locations, which showed the different reactions of the same species with different environmental conditions.

Esta pesquisa se concentra nas características hematológicas, na morfologia eritrocitária e em alguns parâmetros bioquímicos do tambor vermelho Sciaenops ocellatus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae), cultivado em ambiente aquático natural em áreas próximas à foz do rio (L1), em estuários (L2) na província de Ha Tinh e em áreas costeiras (L3) na cidade de Nha Trang, província de Khanh Hoa do Vietnã. Um total de 18 espécimes foi examinado na pesquisa, seis em cada local. O sangue foi coletado da veia da cauda, usando um microscópio para pesquisar a morfologia e medidores automatizados para determinar os parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue. A análise das amostras de sangue mostrou que a taxa de distúrbios morfológicos dos eritrócitos do tambor vermelho em todos os três locais era bastante alta. Os dois principais tipos de distúrbios eram deformidade nuclear e distribuição de matéria nuclear. Mudanças no tamanho, na forma e no núcleo dos eritrócitos foram relacionadas à concentração de sal nos locais de cultivo. O conteúdo de hemoglobina no sangue era estável em todas as três regiões. Outros parâmetros hematológicos, como número de eritrócitos, parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos (glicose, SGOT, SGPT, ureia, creatina, ferro plasmático, albumina e proteína), apresentam diferenças entre os locais, o que evidencia diferentes reações de uma mesma espécie em diferentes ambientes e condições.

Morphological and cytochemical characterization of the peripheral blood cells of farmed streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae) / [Caracterização morfológica e citoquímica das células do sangue periférico do curimatã Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae) em cultivo]

Morphological and cytochemical studies of peripheral blood cells of fish have improved the understanding of their functions and cell types. The present study performed the Morphological and cytochemical analysis of the peripheral blood of Prochilodus lineatus, Characiform native to South America, which has been gaining space in local aquaculture and as a species introduced in Asia. Our analysis provided information on the morphological and cytochemical characteristics of the leukocytes, for the formulation of hypothesis about their role in the immune system of the species. It was found that Prochilodus lineatus has morphological and cytochemical features in common with other fish species, mainly of the Characiformes order. However, we detected the presence of heterophils and PAS positive granulocytes simultaneously with neutrophils. We also found that heterophils and PAS positive granulocytes are very similar, both morphologically and cytochemically.(AU)

O estudo da morfologia e da citoquímica das células do sangue periférico dos peixes tem sido eficaz para o entendimento de suas funções e dos tipos celulares. Este estudo realizou a análise morfológica e citoquímica do sangue periférico de Prochilodus lineatus, caracídeo nativo da América do Sul que vem ganhando espaço na aquicultura local e como espécie introduzida na Ásia. Essa análise forneceu informações sobre a morfologia e as características citoquímicas dos leucócitos, visando a hipóteses sobre suas funções. Verificou-se que estas são semelhantes em vários aspectos a outras espécies, principalmente da ordem Characiformes. No entanto, neste estudo detectou-se a presença dos heterofilos e da célula granulocítica especial, simultaneamente à presença dos neutrófilos. Ainda, foi verificado que os heterofilos e a célula granulocítica especial são muito semelhantes morfológica e citoquimicamente.(AU)

Fecal calprotectin as a predictor of COVID-19 severity

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly transmittable through contact with respiratory droplets. The virus is also shed in fecal matter. Some patients may present with effects in more than one system; however, there are no defined biomarkers that can accurately predict the course or progression of the disease. The present study aimed to estimate the severity of the disease, to correlate the severity of the disease with biochemical predictors, to identify valuable biomarkers indicative of gastrointestinal disease, and to determine the cutoff values. A cross-sectional study was conducted on COVID-19 patients admitted to the Kafrelsheikh University Hospital (isolation unit) between July 10, 2020, and October 30, 2020. The diagnosis of COVID- 19 was confirmed via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which was employed for the detection of the viral RNA. We conclude that lymphopenia, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and liver enzymes were among the most important laboratory findings in COVID-19 patients. Statistically significant differences in platelet count, neutrophil count, D-dimer level, and fecal calprotectin levels were observed among patients presenting with chest symptoms only and patients with both chest and gastrointestinal symptoms (p=0.004;<0.001; 0.010; 0.003; and<0.001, respectively). C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and fecal calprotectin levels positively correlated with disease severity. The cutoff value for fecal calprotectin that can predict gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19 was 165.0, with a sensitivity of 88.1% and a specificity of 76.5%. (AU)

Indicadores antropométricos y descontrol glucémico en diabetes tipo 2 con enfermedad renal / Anthropometric indicators and poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes with kidney disease

Introducción: la relación de los indicadores antropométricos y de composición corporal, con la evolución de la enfermedad renal en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 sigue siendo controversial. Objetivo: identificar la asociación de los indicadores de la enfermedad renal con indicadores de control metabólico y antropométricos en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 395 pacientes del primer nivel de atención. La glucosa, hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), perfil de lípidos y creatina se midió en ayuno. La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se consideró cuando la excreción de albumina urina- ria (EAU) > 30 mg/g y con la reducción del nivel de la tasa de filtrado glomerular < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, utilizando la ecuación CKD-EPI. Se midió el peso y circunferencia de cintura, así como la composición corporal a través de bioimpedancia. Resultados: un 17% de la población presentó ERC con alteración de la EAU y 6.6% con una TFG reducida. Un mayor tiempo de diagnóstico de la enfermedad, mayor nivel de HbA1c y menor nivel grasa corporal se asoció a una EAU > 30 mg/g, (p < 0.05). La disminución de la TFG (< 60 mL/ min/1.73 m2) se asoció con mayor edad, ser mujer, tener mayor circunferencia de cintura y menor porcentaje de grasa corporal (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: un mayor nivel de circunferencia de cintura y menor porcentaje de grasa corporal se asocian a mayor evolución de la ERC en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. El descontrol glucémico se identificó en pacientes con mayor excreción de albumina urinaria.

Background: The relationship of anthropometric and body composition indicators with the evolution of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, is still inconsistent. Objective: To identify the association of indicators of kid- ney disease with indicators of metabolic and anthropometric control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in 395 patients of the first level of care. The glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), creatinine and lipid profile were measured. The kidney disease (CKD) was made when urinary albumin excretion (UAE) > 30 mg/g and with a reduction in the level of glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, using the CKD-formula. Weight and waist circumference were measured, as well as the body composition through bioimpedance. Results: Seventeen percent of the population has a diagnosed with CKD with alteration of the UAE and 6.6% had a reduced GFR. A longer time of diagnosis of the diabetes, hig- her HbA1c level and body fat were associated with an UAE > 30 mg/g, (p < 0.05). The decline in GFR (< 60 mL/min/ 1.73 m2) was associated with older age, being a woman, greater waist circumference, and a higher percentage of body fat (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A higher level of waist circumference and a lower percentage of body fat are associated with a greater evolution of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Glycemic uncontrol is identified in patients with high urinary albumin excretion.

Can Routine Blood Biochemistry Parameters be Predictive Prognostic Marker(s) in Operated Patients with Meningioma WHO Grade 1?

Background Today, there is a need for new and independent additional advanced markers that can predict the prognosis of meningioma patients, postoperatively. The present study aimed to find out postoperative short-term prognostic markers in patients with meningioma using their demographic data and routine blood biochemistry findings evaluated preoperatively. Methods The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores of the patients were recorded. Additionally, preoperatively obtained serum glucose, Creactive protein (CRP), sodium, potassium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, and hemoglobin level values, platelet, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, andmonocyte count results, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, plateletlymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) values were evaluated. Results In the present study, 23 operated patients with meningioma World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 (17 females, 6 males) were included. Correlation test results revealed that the GCS score, platelet count, and serum potassium level values could directly predict the short-term prognosis of these patients. Additionally, these test results suggested that the lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil count values, PLR, LMR, ESR, serum glucose, CRP, and AST level values could be indirect markers in predicting the short-term prognosis. However, likelihood ratio test results revealed that only monocyte count value, LMR value, and serum CRP level value could be the markers for prediction of the short-term prognosis. Conclusion At the end of the present study, it was concluded that the monocyte count value, LMR value, and serum CRP level value could be the best markers in predicting the short-term prognosis of the operated meningioma patients.

Blood parameters of crioulo breed horse / Parâmetros sanguíneos de potros da raça Crioula

Plasma levels of hematocrit, total plasma protein, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, aspartate transferase, and lactate were analyzed in blood samples of 85 Crioula breed foals, from birth to two years of age. The animals were divided into age groups: G1 (up to 15 days of age; n=70), G2 (from 16 days to one month of age; n=67), G3 (between one and three months of age; n=75), G4 (between three and six months of age; n=64), G5 (between six and nine months of age; n=59), G6 (between nine and 18 months of age; n=39), and G7 (between 18 months and two years of age; n=17). These groups were statistically analyzed by one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Male and female means were compared by Student's t-test. Hematocrit levels were significantly higher up to 90 days of age and in G7 females. Total plasma proteins increased significantly in groups 3, 4, 6, and 7. The highest fibrinogen levels were found in G1. Yet for creatine phosphokinase, the highest concentrations were detected in G5, whereas those of aspartate aminotransferase in G7. The levels of this enzyme remained similar from 30 days to two years of age. Lactate concentrations were higher in G3. We concluded that the sex of the animal had no significant effect on laboratory test interpretations. By contrast, the age of the animal should be considered since relevant variations were observed with time. Nevertheless, specific tables for each analysis should be consulted for interpretation of results.

Com o propósito de estabelecer valores de hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais, fibrinogênio, creatina quinase , aspartato transferase e lactato em potros da raça Crioula, do nascimento até os dois anos, utilizaram-se amostras sanguíneas de 85 animais, divididos pela estratificação etária: Grupo 1 (G1) Até 15 dias de vida (n=70); grupo 2 (G2), entre 16 dias até um mês (n=67); grupo 3 (G3), entre 1 e 3 meses (n=75); grupo 4 (G4), entre 3 e 6 meses (n=64); grupo 5 (G5), entre 6 e 9 meses (n=59); grupo 6 (G6), entre 9 e 18 meses (n=39); e grupo 7 (G7), entre 18 meses até 2 anos (n=17). Foi realizado estudo estatístico entre os grupos pela análise de variância unidirecional (one-wayANOVA), complementada pelo teste de Tukey. Para comparação das médias entre os sexos utilizou-se o teste t de Student. O hematócrito foi significativamente mais elevado até os 90 dias e nas fêmeas do G7. Para proteínas plasmáticas totais, notou-se aumento significativo nos grupos 3, 4, 6 e 7. Os valores de fibrinogênio foram maiores no G1. A CK apresentou maior concentração no G5 e a AST no G7. A AST assumiu valores semelhantes dos 30 dias até os 2 anos. A concentração de lactato foi mais elevada no G3. Conclui-se que na interpretação dos exames laboratoriais de potros da raça crioula, o gênero não interfere significativamente nos resultados, porém a idade deve ser considerada devido à ocorrência de variações relevantes. Recomenda-se que para interpretação sejam consultadas tabelas específicas para cada análise.

Molecular evaluation of piroplasms and hematological changes in canine blood stored in a clinical laboratory in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro / Avaliação molecular de piroplasmídeos e alterações hematológicas em amostras de sangue de cães armazenadas em laboratório de análises clínicas de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro

Abstract Piroplasm species were analyzed by molecular tools in total 31 blood samples from positive dogs, previously checked by stained slides, stored until DNA extraction between 2016 to 2018 in the laboratory Clinical Analyzes in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. The piroplasms were identified by PCR, targeting the 18S rRNA gene and sequencing. From the total number of samples only 24 (77.4%) were positive and show adequate nucleotide sequences for interpretation with identity between 93%-100% with Babesia vogeli in compared to the sequences isolated of infected dogs from other states in Brazil deposited on GenBank. Most of dogs infected with B. vogeli had anemia (62.5%) and thrombocytopenia (95.8%). The findings of this study are compatible with previous reports in the literature and highlight B. vogeli as the most incriminated species in canine piroplasmosis in Brazil, and thrombocytopenia the hematological alteration most frequently identified in this infection. It is important to note that this is the first study involving the molecular characterization of piroplasms in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, based on PCR followed by sequencing.

Resumo Espécies de piroplasmídeos foram analisadas por meio de métodos moleculares, em 31 amostras de sangue de cães, previamente verificadas em lâminas coradas, estocadas até a extração de DNA entre 2016 a 2018 em laboratório de Análises Clínicas, em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Os piroplasmídeos foram identificados pela PCR, utilizando-se como alvo o gene 18S RNAr e, posteriormente, o sequenciamento. Do total de amostras analisadas, somente 24 (77,4%) foram positivas e apresentaram sequências nucleotídicas adequadas para interpretação com identidade variando entre 93% a 100% com B. vogeli, em comparação com as sequências isoladas de cães infectados de outros estados do Brasil, depositadas no GenBank. A maioria das amostras de sangue dos cães detectados com B. vogeli apresentaram, no hemograma, anemia (62,5%) e trombocitopenia (95,8%). Os resultados detectados neste estudo estão compatíveis com o evidenciado na literatura, pois B. vogeli tem sido a espécie mais relatada nas infecções caninas no Brasil, sendo a trombocitopenia a alteração hematológica mais evidenciada nas amostras analisadas. É importante ressaltar que este é o primeiro estudo envolvendo análise molecular e caracterização de piroplasmídeos, em amostras de sangue de cães da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando-se a PCR associada ao sequenciamento.

Research progress on biomarkers for endometriosis based on lipidomics / 浙江大学学报·医学版

The pathogenesis of endometriosis is not well understood at the moment, and the lack of effective biomarkers often leads to delayed diagnosis of the disease. Lipidomics provides a new approach for the diagnosis and prediction of endometriosis. Sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine in peripheral blood, endometrial fluid, peritoneal fluid and follicular fluid have good diagnostic value for endometriosis and disease classification; the lipid metabolites in the eutopic endometrium tissue are expected to be biomarkers of early endometriosis; and the lipid metabolites in peripheral blood are also of great value for predicting endometriosis-related infertility. The development of lipidomics technique will further advance the progress on the pathogenesis, prediction, diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.

Laboratory Investigation of the 900-km Lapland Extreme Challenge

No abstract available.

The sensitivity, specificity, and agreement of a point of care method: an assessment of the diagnostic accuracy / Sensibilidade, especificidade e concordância do método point of care: um estudo de precisão diagnóstica

Abstract The use of new technologies can improve screening in communities with difficult access to health. This article aims to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and agreement of a point of care test in comparison to laboratory methods for the determination of glucose (GLI), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations. This prospective study used data from the remaining adult population of quilombolas in Brazil. Laboratory tests using conventional methods for the analysis of venipuncture samples were used as a standard method to measure the concentrations of GLI (mg/dL), TG (mg/dL), and TC (mg/dL) and compared to the metered dose from the collection of fingertip capillary blood (point of care). Contingency tables (2x2) were used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the methods. Lin and Bland & Altman coefficients were used to statistically assess agreement, the level of significance was 5%. There was substantial agreement between the methods for measuring TG and poor agreement for of TC and GLI. Analysis of the Bland & Altman coefficients revealed that the fingertip method did not produce good measures. The point of care method did not offer a good ability to measure compared to that of the reference laboratory method.

Resumo O uso de novas tecnologias pode melhorar o screening em comunidades de difícil acesso à saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a sensibilidade, especificidade e concordância do teste de point of care em comparação com método laboratorial para dosagem de Glicose (GLI), Triglicerídeo (TG) e Colesterol total (CT). Estudo prospectivo com dados de população de adultos remanescentes de quilombolas no Brasil. Exames laboratoriais convencionais para análise foram obtidos por venopunção, utilizados como método padrão para mensuração das concentrações de GLI (mg/dL), TG (mg/dL) e CT (mg/dL) e comparados a mensuração por meio de técnica de ponta de dedo (point of care). Tabelas de contingência (2x2) foram utilizadas para estimar sensibilidade e especificidade dos métodos e o coeficiente de Lin e análises de Bland & Altman foram métodos de concordância com nível de significância de 5%. Houve concordância substancial entre os métodos para mensuração de TG e fraca concordância para mensuração de CT e GLI. Os coeficientes de Bland & Altman indicam que o método de ponta de dedo não apresentou boa mensuração. O método point of care não apresentou boa capacidade de mensuração de Glicose, Triglicerídeo e Colesterol total tendo como referência o método laboratorial.

Comparação dos parâmetros bioquímicos entre gestação única e gemelar de ovelhas da raça Dorper durante gestação, parto e pós-parto / Comparison of biochemical parameters between single and twin pregnancies of Dorper breed ewes during gestation, lambing and postpartum

Nas ovelhas, a demanda de nutrientes aumenta durante a gestação, especialmente nas últimas seis semanas, quando ocorre maior desenvolvimento do feto. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar o perfil bioquímico de ovelhas durante a gestação e no periparto imediato, comparando-se gestação única com gemelar. Foram utilizadas 60 ovelhas, Dorper, divididas em dois grupos experimentais com base no diagnóstico de gestação ultrassonográfico: grupo 1: 30 ovelhas com feto único; grupo 2: 30 ovelhas com gestação gemelar. Em nove momentos de coleta, foram mensurados no soro sanguíneo: ureia, creatinina, proteína total (PT), albumina, globulina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gamaglutamiltransferase, fosfatase alcalina, colesterol e triglicérides. O peso vivo das ovelhas do G2 foi maior que do G1 em todos os momentos, inclusive quando estavam vazias. Houve diferença entre as ovelhas do G1 e do G2 nos valores de PT, albumina, AST e triglicérides. A partir de 120 dias de gestação, o perfil proteico se modificou, com menores níveis de ureia, PT, albumina e globulina, mostrando que a demanda metabólica se intensificou no último mês da gestação. Os níveis de colesterol e triglicérides diminuíram de 140 dias de gestação para o parto. Este trabalho mostrou que a gestação proporcionou mudanças significativas no metabolismo da ovelha, principalmente no terço final da gestação, quando há maior necessidade de acompanhamento para evitar a incidência de doenças metabólicas.(AU)

In sheep, nutrient demand increases during gestation, particularly in the last six weeks, when the fetuses develop. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the biochemical profile of ewes during pregnancy and in the immediate peripartum comparing single with twin pregnancies. Sixty ewes of Dorper breed were divided into two groups by pregnancy ultrasonographic diagnosis: 1 - 30 ewes with single fetus gestation; 2 - 30 ewes with twin pregnancy. In nine collection moments the following parameters were measured: urea, creatinine, total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglycerides. The weight of G2 sheep was higher than G1 since they were empty. There were differences in G1 and G2 sheep metabolism in TP, Albumin, AST and Triglycerides. From 120 days of pregnancy, the protein profile changed, with lower levels of urea, TP, albumin and globulin, showing that the metabolic demand intensified in the last month of pregnancy. The levels of cholesterol and triglycerides decreased from 140 days of pregnancy to lambing day. This study showed that gestation provided significant changes in the ewe's metabolism, especially in the final third of gestation, when there is a greater need to follow the animals to avoid the incidence of metabolic diseases.(AU)

Clinical biochemistry of rescued Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus): serum or heparinized plasma? / Bioquímica clínica de pinguins-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) de resgate: soro ou plasma heparinizado?

IIn the last few years, an increasing number of debilitated Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) has been rescued and taken to rehabilitation centers on Brazil's southern coast to be clinically treated and evaluated for re-introduction. This work aims to compare the viability of heparinized plasma with the viability of serum for biochemistry analyses under rehabilitation conditions. Blood sampled from 31 physically healthy rescued penguins was processed into serum/plasma-paired samples and analyzed for 12 biochemical parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol (CHOL), creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glucose, (GLU) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total proteins (TP), triglycerides (TG), urea (UR), and uric acid (UA).The results showed that six paired samples presented visual signs of hemolysis (visual hemolytic score≥1), four of which occurred exclusively in the serum counterpart. Significant differences (P≤ 0.5) between sample types were found for CHOL (3%), GLU (6%) and TG (52%). Only TG was considered clinically relevant (>10%). All mean/median results fell within the available reference intervals by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (Penguin, 2014). In conclusion, we verified that heparinized plasma is a viable sample for the clinical biochemistry of rescued Magellanic penguins as it yields compatible results with serum, while providing practical benefits. The adoption of this practice favors a faster bird recovery, by minimizing blood sampling volume, and optimizes material resources, allowing use of the same collector tube as for hematology.(AU)

Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de pinguins-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) debilitados vem sendo resgatado e encaminhado aos centros de reabilitação do litoral sul do Brasil para cuidados clínicos e posterior avaliação de reintrodução. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a viabilidade do plasma heparinizado com a do soro para análises bioquímicas, em condições de reabilitação. Amostras de sangue de 31 pinguins de resgate fisicamente saudáveis foram processadas em amostras pareadas de soro e plasma heparinizado, e 12 parâmetros bioquímicos foram analisados: alanina aminotransferase (ALT), fosfatase alcalina (ALP), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), colesterol (CHOL), creatina quinase (CK), gamaglutamil transpeptidase (GGT), glicose (GLU), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), proteínas totais (TP), triglicérides (TG), ureia (UR) e ácido úrico (UA). Os resultados mostraram que seis amostras pareadas apresentaram sinais visuais de hemólise (escore hemolítico visual≥1), das quais quatro ocorreram exclusivamente no soro. Observaram-se diferenças significativas (P≤0,5) entre os tipos de amostra em CHOL (3%), GLU (6%) e TG (52%), sendo apenas TG considerado clinicamente relevante (>10%). Todos os resultados de médias e medianas situaram-se dentro dos intervalos de referência disponíveis fornecidos pela Associação de Zoológicos e Aquários (AZA). Como conclusão, verificou-se que o plasma heparinizado é uma amostra viável para a bioquímica clínica de pinguins-de-magalhães de resgate, produzindo resultados compatíveis com os do soro. Além disso, a adoção dessa prática favorece uma recuperação mais rápida dos animais, ao diminuir o volume de sangue amostrado, e otimiza os recursos materiais, ao permitir o aproveitamento do mesmo tubo de colheita de hematologia.(AU)

Rapid Identification of Four New Synthetic Cannabinoids in Whole Blood / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish accurate and rapid methods to identify four new synthetic cannabinoids （JWH-203, JWH-122, 5F-APINACA and AB-CHMINACA） in blood samples. Methods The whole blood samples were extracted by acetonitrile and methanol, screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） then confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） method, and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode was used for quantitative analysis. Results The GC-MS method needed 21 min to complete the analysis, while the LC-MS/MS method needed 5 min. The AB-CHMINACA, JWH-203, 5F-APINACA and JWH-122 all used quasi molecular ion peak as a parent ion. The precursor-product ion combinations were m/z 357.4→312.2, m/z 340.2→125.0, m/z 384.1→135.1 and m/z 356.4→169.2. The four synthetic cannabinoids in blood samples had good linearity in the 1-250 ng/mL mass concentration range （r>0.99）. The limits of detection （LODs） were in the range of 0.1-0.5 ng/mL, the recovery rate was 85.4%-95.2%, the RSD less than 10.0%, and the matrix effect was 80.3%-92.8%. Conclusion The GC-MS and LC-MS/MS chromatographic behaviors and mass spectrometry analysis information of four synthetic cannabinoids were obtained in this study, and the possible causes of differences in chromatographic behaviors were discussed preliminarily. Therefore this study has a suggestive effect on judging the development trend of synthetic cannabinoids. This method can be used for rapid identification of four synthetic cannabinoids in blood, which can provide reference for identification of new synthetic cannabinoids when they are proliferating at present.

The cost of time: A randomised, controlled trial to assess the economic impact of upfront, point-of-care blood tests in the Emergency Centre

Introduction Time and cost constraints abound in the Emergency Centre (EC). These resource-constraints are further magnified in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Almost half of all patients presenting to the EC require laboratory tests. Unfortunately, access to laboratory services in LMIC is commonly inadequate. Point-of-Care (POC) tests may assist to avert this shortcoming. The aims of this study were to evaluate the cost effectiveness of upfront POC blood tests performed prior to doctor assessment compared to the standard EC workflow.Methods A secondary analysis was performed on data from a prospective, randomised, controlled trial where patients with abdominal/chest symptoms or generalised body pain/weakness followed either the normal EC workflow pathway or one of two enhanced workflow pathways with POC tests (i-STAT with and without a complete blood count (CBC)) prior to doctor evaluation. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used to perform the cost effectiveness analysis.Results :There were 248 patients enrolled in the study. The use of the two upfront, POC test pathways significantly exceeded the primary outcome measure of a 20% reduction in treatment time. In the i-STAT + CBC group, the 31 min. time-saving translated into cost-saving of US$14.96 per patient (IECR 0.27) whereas the 21 min. time-saving in the i-STAT only group only had an additional net cost of US$3.11 per patient (IECR 0.90).Conclusion Upfront, POC blood tests can be utilised in the resource-constrained EC to manage patients more efficiently by saving time. This time-saving can, in fact, be more cost effective than traditional EC workflow making it an economically viable option for implementation in LMIC

Haematological values in a healthy adult population in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Background: Haematological values derived from local populations are useful in laboratories to improve diagnoses for local patients. In Cameroon, these data are not yet available. Moreover, there is great variation in baseline parameters pertaining to full blood cell count among medical laboratories.Objectives: This study aimed to determine values for the complete blood cell count of a healthy adult Cameroonian population for use in locally derived ranges in our medical laboratories.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among blood donors attending three blood banks in Yaoundé from November 2015 to September 2016. We expected to obtain at least 120 venous blood samples from both men and women. Tests were performed for (1) HIV, (2) complete blood cell count, (3) hepatitis B virus, (4) malaria, (5) syphilis, (6) C-reactive protein and (7) hepatitis C virus.Results: We enrolled 294 healthy participants (161 men, 133 women) aged 18 to 55 years. The median haemoglobin concentration was 135 g/L in men and 114 g/L in women (p < 0.001). The median reticulocyte count was 60 × 109/L in men and 40 × 109/L in women (p < 0.001).Significant variation by sex was observed for the platelet count. The median white blood cell count was 4.1 × 109/L in men and 4.6 × 109/L in women (p = 0.008). Conclusion: This study provides locally derived ranges for complete blood cell and reticulocyte counts for a healthy adult population in Yaoundé, Cameroon. These results can be used pending larger studies

Hepcidin-orchestrated Hemogram and Iron Homeostatic Patterns in Two Models of Subchronic Hepatic injury / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study was designed to evaluate hematological disorders and the orchestrating roles of hepcidin and IL-6 in rat models of thioacetamide (TAA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity.@*METHODS@#Rats were intraperitoneally injected with TAA (10 mg/100 g rat weight dissolved in isosaline) or CCl4 (100 μL/100 g rat weight diluted as 1:4 in corn oil) twice weekly for eight consecutive weeks to induce subchronic liver fibrosis. Blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#CCl4 but not TAA significantly decreased the RBCs, Hb, PCV, and MCV values with minimal alterations in other erythrocytic indices. Both hepatotoxins showed leukocytosis, granulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. By the end of the experiment, the erythropoietin level increased in the CCl4 model. The serum iron, UIBC, TIBC, transferrin saturation%, and serum transferrin concentration values significantly decreased, whereas that of ferritin increased in the CCl4 model. TAA increased the iron parameters toward iron overload. RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression of hepatic hepcidin and IL-6 mRNAs in the CCl4 model and suppressed hepcidin expression without significant effect on IL-6 in the TAA model.@*CONCLUSION@#These data suggest differences driven by hepcidin and IL-6 expression between CCl4 and TAA liver fibrosis models and are of clinical importance for diagnosis and therapeutics of liver diseases.